En la primera tarea de la unidad 2, se trata de capturar y analizar tráfico mediante WireShark.
Primera parte: Analizando un protocolo inseguro - telnet (23)
Para la tarea se utilizará un ejemplo del repositorio de Wireshark
telnet-raw.pcap.
Una vez cargado, para mejorar la visualización filtraremos por
telnet
|
Trafico filtrado por telnet. |
Para analizar los datos, se puede ir bajando fila a fila y observar el contenido de
Data: login o bien utilizar la opción TCP Stream en el menú Analyze.
|
Contenido Data |
28 1.308007 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.2 TELNET 73 Telnet Data ...
Data: login:
36 8.711767 192.168.0.2 192.168.0.1 TELNET 67 Telnet Data ...
Data: f
38 8.714880 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.2 TELNET 67 Telnet Data ...
Data: f
40 8.934088 192.168.0.2 192.168.0.1 TELNET 67 Telnet Data ...
Data: a
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........................"......'.....#..&..&..$..&..&..$.. .....#.....'........... .9600,9600....#.bam.zing.org:0.0....'..DISPLAY.bam.zing.org:0.0......xterm-color.............!.............."............
OpenBSD/i386 (oof) (ttyp1)
login: .."........"ffaakkee
.
Password:user
.
Last login: Thu Dec 2 21:32:59 on ttyp1 from bam.zing.org
Warning: no Kerberos tickets issued.
OpenBSD 2.6-beta (OOF) #4: Tue Oct 12 20:42:32 CDT 1999
Welcome to OpenBSD: The proactively secure Unix-like operating system.
Please use the sendbug(1) utility to report bugs in the system.
Before reporting a bug, please try to reproduce it with the latest
version of the code. With bug reports, please try to ensure that
enough information to reproduce the problem is enclosed, and if a
known fix for it exists, include that as well.
$ llss
.
$ llss --aa
.
. .. .cshrc .login .mailrc .profile .rhosts
$ //ssbbiinn//ppiinngg wwwwww..yyaahhoooo..ccoomm
.
PING www.yahoo.com (204.71.200.74): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 204.71.200.74: icmp_seq=0 ttl=239 time=73.569 ms
64 bytes from 204.71.200.74: icmp_seq=1 ttl=239 time=71.099 ms
64 bytes from 204.71.200.74: icmp_seq=2 ttl=239 time=68.728 ms
64 bytes from 204.71.200.74: icmp_seq=3 ttl=239 time=73.122 ms
64 bytes from 204.71.200.74: icmp_seq=4 ttl=239 time=71.276 ms
64 bytes from 204.71.200.74: icmp_seq=5 ttl=239 time=75.831 ms
64 bytes from 204.71.200.74: icmp_seq=6 ttl=239 time=70.101 ms
64 bytes from 204.71.200.74: icmp_seq=7 ttl=239 time=74.528 ms
64 bytes from 204.71.200.74: icmp_seq=9 ttl=239 time=74.514 ms
64 bytes from 204.71.200.74: icmp_seq=10 ttl=239 time=75.188 ms
64 bytes from 204.71.200.74: icmp_seq=11 ttl=239 time=72.925 ms
...^C
.--- www.yahoo.com ping statistics ---
13 packets transmitted, 11 packets received, 15% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 68.728/72.807/75.831 ms
$ eexxiitt
.
Del análisis efectuado, se puede observar diferentes problemas de seguridad. Nombre de usuario, contraseña, sistema operativo y algunos comandos.
¿Qué usuario y contraseña se ha utilizado para acceder al servidor de Telnet?
login: .."........"ffaakkee
Password:user
¿Qué sistema operativo corre en la máquina?
OpenBSD 2.6-beta (OOF)
¿Qué comandos se ejecutan en esta sesión?
$ llss
.
$ llss --aa
.
. .. .cshrc .login .mailrc .profile .rhosts
$ //ssbbiinn//ppiinngg wwwwww..yyaahhoooo..ccoomm
Segunda parte: analizando SSL
Para la segunda parte analizaremos el tráfico de una conexión
ssl.
|
Tráfico conexión ssl |
¿Puedes identificar en qué paquete de la trama el servidor envía el certificado?
Sí.
2 0.200000 65.54.179.198 10.1.1.2 SSLv3 1179 Server Hello, Certificate, Server Hello Done
signedCertificate
version: v3 (2)
serialNumber : 0x7c1e94347b1c04295b009392f5dc1f86
¿El certificado va en claro o está cifrado?
El paquete está cifrado.
¿Puedes ver, por ejemplo, qué autoridad ha emitido el certificado?
La autoridad que ha emitido el certificado es verisign
Certificate (id-at-commonName=login.passport.com,id-at-organizationalUnitName=Terms of use at www.verisign.com/r,id-at-organizationalUnitName=MSN Passport,id-at-organizationName=Microsoft,id-at-localityName=Redmond,id-at-stateOrProvinceNam
¿Qué asegura el certificado, la identidad del servidor o del cliente?
La identidad del servidor.
Análisis tráfico ssl mediante TCP Stream
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Tercera parte: analizando SSH (22)
En la tercera parte analizaremos el protocol
ssh, una manera más segura de conectarse de forma remota a servidores. Todo el tráfico va cifrado por lo que serás más difícil obtener información.
|
Tráfico conexión ssh. |
¿Puedes ver a partir de qué paquete comienza el tráfico cifrado?
A partir de aquí comienza a establecer una conexión.
3 0.034430 192.168.0.14 193.146.78.18 TCP 66 58693 > ssh [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=29312 Len=0 TSval=3324283 TSecr=160228394
4 0.034906 192.168.0.14 193.146.78.18 SSHv2 98 Encrypted request packet len=32
pero el intercambios de claves, no se produce hasta:
18 0.257815 192.168.0.14 193.146.78.18 SSHv2 82 Client: New Keys
19 0.330164 193.146.78.18 192.168.0.14 TCP 66 ssh > 58693 [ACK] Seq=2210 Ack=2441 Win=14272 Len=0 TSval=160228469 TSecr=3324339
20 0.330229 192.168.0.14 193.146.78.18 SSHv2 106 Encrypted request packet len=40
21 0.364593 193.146.78.18 192.168.0.14 TCP 66 ssh > 58693 [ACK] Seq=2210 Ack=2481 Win=14272 Len=0 TSval=160228477 TSecr=3324357
22 0.367151 193.146.78.18 192.168.0.14 SSHv2 106 Encrypted response packet len=40
¿Qué protocolos viajan cifrados, todos (IP, TCP...) o alguno en particular?
4 0.034906 192.168.0.14 193.146.78.18 SSHv2 98 Encrypted request packet len=32
¿Es posible ver alguna información de usuario como contraseñas de acceso?
No es posible obtener información del usuario o contraseñas por que el acceso va cifrado. Sí que se puede ver la versión de ssh de cliente y de servidor.
SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.7p1 Debian-5
SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.5p1 Debian-6+squeeze6
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